Law, statute, custom, rite… all of these words encompass Ǽ, but it is still not fully translatable into New English. This page will never be the final arbiter of Ǽ, as it is not something meant to be written and recorded, it is meant to be done.
Œþelland Arrungs
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Civil
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Wihbedd
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Druct
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Þeowa / Þeow
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Wihbeddþeow/ -theowa
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Uncunnend
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Carl / Gōdwīf
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Wihbeddcarl/wihbeddgōdwīf
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Cunnend
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Cotsetla
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Geoguð
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Geneat
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Þegen / Þignen
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Wihbeddþegen
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Duguð
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Ordþegn
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Hlafward / Hlafwardige
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Aweward / Awewardige
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Dructin
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Aldorman
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Awesega / Awesege
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Hari
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Cuning
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Definitions
Civil
Þeow (fem.)/ Þeowa (masc.) – from Old English for ”servant” and in the runic owlþuþewar, “wonderous servant”. It implies a servant who is under the will of another.
Carl/Gōdwīf - An earlier form of Old English ceorl and Old Norse karlr. Likely more of the dialect of Jutland. The lowest free arrung. Lit. “good wo/man”
Cotsetla – From Old English for “cottager”. Higher arrung than Carl.
Geneat – From Old English for “companion”. Highest civil, non-peerage, arrung.
Þegen/Þi[g]nen - earlier version of þegn.
Hlafward/Hlaf[war]dige - the proto Old English.
Aldorman - the word used prior to ætheling, OE ealdormon.
Cuning - meaning “of the kin”, earlier version of cyning prior to i-mutation.
Druct
Uncunnend - lit. “unknown, untried”
Cunnend - lit. “known [quantity]”
Geoguð - young warrior, not as wild as those in the fyrd
Duguð - older, more experienced thanes
Ordþegn - ‘point-man’
Dructin (Dructne < akin to ON drottna) - lord over a warband
Hari (Harige for his lady) - paramount warband leader
Wihbedd
Wihbeddþeow/ -theowa - “altar servant”
Wihbeddcarl/wihbeddgōdwīf - altar folk
Wihbeddþegen - priest
A[we]ward(-ige for the female) - “warder of the customary law/ faith”
A[we]sega (-e or –o for the fem.) - “speaker of the customary law/faith
